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A proxy is also known as a proxy server, is a software that acts as an intermediary between a client and server over the internet. Without a proxy, a client will send a request to resources directly to the server and it would serve the resource directly back towards the customer. This method is simple to grasp and implement but the addition of proxy servers can bring advantages such as increased performance and privacy, security and more. In addition to providing pass-through, the proxy serves as a security guardian of the internet between clients and servers.




The combination of server hardware coupled with the software for proxy installation is frequently described as a proxy server. This article will concentrate on the proxies that are usually described as software as well as in relation to web servers. The article will provide a detailed discussion of two kinds of proxies. One being a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind of proxy has its own purpose and can be confusing due to the resemblance of namesake convention.




This article will provide you with an understanding of types of proxies and subtypes in terms of their value for common setups. After reading this article, you'll be able discern situations in which the use of proxies is advantageous, and then choose the best option between forward proxy and reverse proxy based on the situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy, also known in the context of open proxy. An open proxy serves as the representative of a client who wishes to make an internet-based request to the server that made it. In this case, all attempts to send requests from the client's side will be routed to the forward proxy. The forward proxy, instead of the client, will look into the request. It will first determine if this client is authorized to accept requests from this particular forward proxy. It will then reject any request or forward it to its origin server. The client does not have direct connection to the internet; it can only reach what the forward proxy allows it to connect to.




The most popular reason for using forward proxy servers is increased privacy or anonymity when surfing the web. Forward proxy's access to the internet as clients and as such it may utilize an IP address that is different from the original IP address used by the client.




Depending on the way it's configured, forward proxy will grant a number of features as well as the ability to:




Beware of ad-tracker.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions that are based on the location you are in.




Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that provide centralized security as well as permission-based access, like in a workplace. If all internet traffic passes through a forward proxy Administrators are capable of allowing only certain clients access to the internet using a common firewall. Instead of having firewalls installed for the client layer, which can involve many machines that have different settings and environments and users, a firewall can be placed in a forward proxy layer.




It is important to remember the forward proxy configurations must be manually set up to permit the use of these proxy servers for use in reverse proxies, whereas forward proxy settings are not able to be detected by the user. Depending on whether your IP address a user is transmitted to the origin server via the forward proxy, the privacy and security may be granted or not.




There are a variety of options to consider for forward proxy options:




Apache A well-known open source web server that has forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another renowned open-source server for web hosting with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is a free forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the full webserver system. It is possible to refer to our guide on the best method of configuring Squid proxy to allow connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, making it better suited for scenarios like peer-to-peer traffic. It is also possible to learn how to configure Dante proxy for secure connections within Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary between web servers, and takes care of requests from clients for the web server. The web server may serve as a single server or as a series of servers. Additionally, it can be an application server, such as Gunicorn. In any case an application request comes from a user via the internet at large. The request will typically be sent directly to the web server that hosts the content that the client is looking for. The reverse proxy serves as an intermediary in order to block your website server from communication with the internet's open.




From the perspective of a user's the consumer's perspective, working with reverse proxy isn't different from connecting to your webserver directly. It's functionally identical, but the user can't discern the distinction. Client requests an item and receives it, with no additional configuration needed by the client.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




The web server is secured centrally.


Directing traffic in accordance with the rules you have set.


Added functionality for caching.




While centralized security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy, reverse proxies provide this only for the web server layer and not the client layer. instead of maintaining firewalls on Web server layers that may comprise multiple servers that have different configurations, the majority of firewall security is directed towards the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the responsibility of connecting to firewalls and interfacing with clients' requests off of web servers allows them to concentrate on serving the resources.




In the case of multiple servers with a reverse-proxy, the reverse proxy will be also accountable for deciding which requests go at which server. There may be several web servers running from the same host, each serving different kinds of resources or a combination of the two. These servers could use the HTTP protocol similar to a conventional web server. They could also incorporate application server protocols like FastCGI. You can also set up a reverse proxy to route clients to specific servers based on the service being requested or to adhere to certain traffic load rules.




Reverse proxies are also able to make use of their location on top of web servers with the help of caching. The large static files can be set up using caching rules to prevent hitting web servers with every request. Some solutions even allowing you to provide static files without having to connect with the server. Additionally, reverse proxy is able to handle the compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server is a well-known reverse proxy solution. However, it is a reverse proxy solution, the Apache web server comes equipped with reverse proxy option as an additional feature that is available for Apache while Nginx was initially designed for and specifically designed for the reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use Cases



Because "forward" in addition to "reverse" are associated with a sense of directionality and also misleading comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic These terms can be confusing because both types of proxies can be used to manage requests and responses. A different method of distinguishing between forward and reverse proxy servers would be to analyze the requirements of the application that you are developing.




Reverse proxy is an effective tool to use when creating a solution for serving applications that are on the web. They act as your servers during any interaction through the Internet.




Forward proxy is a great tool to use if you're working with clients in front for personal usage or in a business environment. They represent your client traffic whenever you connect to the internet.




A distinction that is based on the use rather than looking at the common name conventions can aid you in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



The article explained what a proxy is as well as two types of them: the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Examples of how to use them and a discussion of most beneficial features was used to distinguish forward proxies from reverse proxies. If you're looking to learn the ways to use proxies, we suggest that you read our guide on how to set up Nginx as an reverse proxy and internet server for Apache running the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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