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An proxy, also known as a proxy server is also known as a proxy server is software which acts as a mediator between a client and server on the internet. Without a proxy, a client could send a request for resources directly to the server and it would deliver that resource to its user directly. Although this is a simple process to understand and implement using proxy services, it may bring benefits in the form of enhanced performance and privacy, security and many more. In addition to providing a layer of pass-through proxy functions as a security guard for the internet between servers and users.




It is generally accepted that the set of server hardware that is installed with proxy software is often known as a proxy server. In this article, we'll concentrate on proxy servers, which are generally classified as software and when it comes to web servers. You will get a breakdown of the two major kinds of proxies: the forward proxy as well as a reverse proxy. Each type has a different use case, often confused due to the similar namesake convention.




This article will provide you with an understanding of types of proxy services and what their subtypes are, as well as their value in common setups. Through this post, you'll be able to understand how to identify the circumstances in which an effective proxy is beneficial and pick the right solution in between forward and reverse proxy, based on the circumstances.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy, also known as an open proxy acts as an intermediary between a client that is trying to send a request via the internet to a source server. In this instance, any request sent by the client will instead be sent directly through the forward proxy. A forward proxy in the client's place, will review the request. It will first determine whether the client is allowed to receive requests from this specific forward proxy. It will then deny any request or forward it to the server that originally received it. The client does not have connection to any internet. It is able to access only the web pages that forward proxy grants the client access.




The most popular reasons for forward proxy is to improve privacy or security when using the internet. A forward proxy uses the internet as the client and in this process it can use an alternate IP address in addition to the client's original IP address.




Based on how it has been configured depending on the way it's configured forward proxy can provide various features based on how it is configured and allows you to:




Stay clear of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine limitations based on your geographic place of residence.




Forward proxies are also used in systems that offer central security as well as access based on permissions, such as in a workplace. The entire internet can be passed via an open forward proxy, an administrator is able to restrict access to only certain users to the internet, which is protected by a standard firewall. In lieu of having firewalls for the client layer that can include multiple devices that have different configurations and users you can have an firewall that is located in the layer that forwards proxy traffic.




Take note the forward proxy setting should be manually set up to use however reverse proxies will be not considered from the clients. Based on the fact that the IP address of a user is passed to the server from where it originated by the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity may be granted or hidden.




There are a variety of choices to be considered for forward proxy:




Apache is a well-known open-source web server, that offers forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another popular open-source server used for web hosting with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy which uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the complete web server. Check out our tutorial on how to install Squid proxy to connect privately on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is an forward proxy which utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it more suitable for peer-to-peer communication. It is also possible to look at how you can configure Dante proxy to allow secure connections within Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as the web server which handles incoming requests from customers on its behalf. The web server could represent a single or a number of servers. It could additionally be an app server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations the request for an application is received from a user via the internet. In most cases the request will be directed directly to the server, which will provide the information the client wants. A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary and isolates your web server from contact with the open internet.




From the point of view of the individual client's perspective, the process of using reverse proxy isn't different from communicating with Web server in direct communication. It's the same process however the client can't discern the difference. The client requests the resource, which is then followed by the receipt without the need for any extra configuration required by the end user.




Reverse proxies offer functions like:




A centralized layer of security to guard the server.


Incoming traffic is directed based on the rules you decide to define.


New feature added to caching.




While centralized security can be a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy, reverse proxy adds this for just the layer of web servers but not the client layer. In lieu of focussing on the maintenance of firewalls at the web server layer that can contain a variety of servers with different configurations, the majority of the firewall security is targeted on the reverse proxy level. Additionally, removing the responsibility of communicating with firewalls as well as communicating with requests from clients far from web servers allows them to concentrate on delivering the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers running through a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy is responsible for directing which requests go to which servers. There could be multiple web servers providing identical content, but providing different services, or a mix of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol that is the standard web server, but they can also incorporate other protocols used by application servers like FastCGI. You can also set up reverse proxy settings to direct users to a specific server based on the requested resource or to comply with specific guidelines on the volume of traffic.




Reverse proxies also take advantage of their location over web servers by giving them the ability to store information. The large static files can be set up with caching policies to avoid the web server from being hit with every request. Certain applications allow users to directly serve static assets without connecting to servers on the internet in any manner. Furthermore, the reverse proxy can handle compressing these assets.




The popular Nginx web server can also function as a popular reverse proxy solution. While there is similar functionality within the Apache web server does have a reverse proxy features as an additional feature that is available for Apache while Nginx was initially designed to and is focused on the reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Since "forward" in addition to "reverse" conveys the notion of directionality and misleading comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic The labels can be confusing because both kinds of proxy systems process requests as well as responses. In addition, the most effective method to distinguish between both reverse and forward proxies is to research the requirements of the app you're creating.




A reverse proxy could be beneficial when you are developing an application that can serve web applications online. They act as your web servers when you use the internet.




Forward proxy are helpful when displayed before customers for your personal use or in a corporate setting. They represent your client traffic through any interaction on the internet.




The use of case-based differentiation instead of focusing on the commonly used naming conventions can help in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



In this article, we explained what aproxy is and the two primary kinds that are forward and reverse proxy. Practical applications and a review of the beneficial attributes were used to determine forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're looking to know more about implementation of proxies then you should check out our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as reverse proxy and web server proxy for Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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